The three main sources of Lighting use on a film set
The Key Light is the main source of lighting.
The Back Light's use helps to replicate the lighting of objects/subjects we see with our own eyes- to make the subject appear more "rounded" so to speak
Finally the Filler Light creates a softer effect on the subject by literally subtly filling in any harsh shadow or use of harsh lighting, it also helps the subject/object to appear more "rounded" in addition to the back light.
Some scenes in films require a certain filter to achieve a particular effect a director is going for. I'm assuming that this can be achieved either during filming with certain camera settings or (more professional alternative) during the editing process. Some filters may depict a particular emotion/physical feeling such as contentment or coldness.
Angling of Lighting
Top Lighting- can be used to depict glamour of a star, could depict weakness of a character or single a character out to appear as a victim
Back Lighting - Source comes from behind subjects/objects. This can create silhouettes if used extensively as shown below.
Underlighting - Source comes from below subject/object. This can create a menacing look, depict danger and show the subject to be of high importance/status.
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